Articles of Confederation: John and Francis
ARTICLE 13. Every State shall abide by the decision of the United States, in Congress assembled, on all questions which, by this confederation, are submitted to them. And the articles of this confederation shall be inviolably observed by every State, and the Union shall be perpetual; nor shall any alteration at any time hereafter be made in any of them, unless such alteration be agreed to in a Congress of the United States, and be afterward confirmed by the Legislature of every State.
Congress directed these Articles to be submitted to the Legislatures of the several States, and, if approved of by them, they were advised to authorize their delegates to ratify the same in Congress, by affixing their names thereto. Owing to local considerations, the influence of the idea of State sovereignty, and a dread of consolidated political power, these Articles were not ratified until the first day of March, 1781. On the 2d of March the Congress assembled under the new powers. (The following are the names of the delegates from the several States appended to the Articles of Confederation:
NEW HAMPSHIRE--Josiah Bartlett, John Wentworth, Jr.
MASSACHUSETTS BAY--John Hancock, Samuel Adams, Elbridge Gerry, Francis Dana, James Lovell, Samuel Holten.
RHODE ISLAND--William Ellery, Henry Marchant, John Collins.
CONNECTICUT--Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, Oliver Wolcott, Titus Hosmer, Andrew Adams.
NEW YORK--James Duane, Francis Lewis, William Duer, Gouverneur Morris.
NEW JERSEY--John Witherspoon, Nathaniel Scudder.
PENNSYLVANIA--Robert Morris, Daniel Roberdeau, Jonathan Bayard Smith, William Clingan, Joseph Reed.
DELAWARE--Thomas McKean, John Dickenson, Nicholas Van Dyke.
MARYLAND--John Hanson, Daniel Carroll.
VIRGINIA--Richard Henry Lee, John Banister, Thomas Adams, John Harvie, Francis Light-foot Lee.
NORTH CAROLINA--John Penn, Cornelius Harnett, John Williams.
SOUTH CAROLINA--Henry Laurens, William Henry Drayton, Jonathan Matthews, Richard Hutson, Thomas Hayward, Jr.
GEORGIA--John Walton, Edward Telfair, Edward Langworthy.)
NEW HAMPSHIRE--Josiah Bartlett, John Wentworth, Jr.
MASSACHUSETTS BAY--John Hancock, Samuel Adams, Elbridge Gerry, Francis Dana, James Lovell, Samuel Holten.
RHODE ISLAND--William Ellery, Henry Marchant, John Collins.
CONNECTICUT--Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, Oliver Wolcott, Titus Hosmer, Andrew Adams.
NEW YORK--James Duane, Francis Lewis, William Duer, Gouverneur Morris.
NEW JERSEY--John Witherspoon, Nathaniel Scudder.
PENNSYLVANIA--Robert Morris, Daniel Roberdeau, Jonathan Bayard Smith, William Clingan, Joseph Reed.
DELAWARE--Thomas McKean, John Dickenson, Nicholas Van Dyke.
MARYLAND--John Hanson, Daniel Carroll.
VIRGINIA--Richard Henry Lee, John Banister, Thomas Adams, John Harvie, Francis Light-foot Lee.
NORTH CAROLINA--John Penn, Cornelius Harnett, John Williams.
SOUTH CAROLINA--Henry Laurens, William Henry Drayton, Jonathan Matthews, Richard Hutson, Thomas Hayward, Jr.
GEORGIA--John Walton, Edward Telfair, Edward Langworthy.)
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